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Heterotheca

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Heterotheca
Heterotheca shevockii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Astereae
Subtribe: Chrysopsidinae
Genus: Heterotheca
Cass.
Type species
Heterotheca lamarckii[1]
syn of H. subaxillaris[2]
Synonyms[3][4]
  • Ammodia Nutt.
  • Calycium Elliott
  • Diplocoma D.Don ex D.Don
  • Stelmanis Raf.

Heterotheca (common names goldenasters, camphorweed, and telegraph weed)[5] is a genus of North American plants in the family Asteraceae.[1][6]

Etymology

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Heterotheca (heterothe'ca:) comes from Ancient Greek ἕτερος héteros "other, different" and θήκη thḗkē "case, chest" (botanically, "ovary") and refers to the difference in shape, in some species in the genus, between the cypselae (achenes containing seed) of the disk and ray florets.[5][7][8]

Description, biology

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These are annual and perennial herbs bearing daisy-like flower heads with yellow disc florets and usually yellow ray florets, associated with mesic to xeric habitats across North America. Several species now included in Heterotheca were previously classified in the genus Chrysopsis.[3][5]

Heterotheca species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some species of Lepidoptera including Schinia lynx, Schinia nubila and Schinia saturata (all of which have been recorded on Heterotheca subaxillaris).

Chemistry

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The leaf volatiles from which the name "camphorweed" is derived include camphor, but as a minor constituent (less than 2%); of the 41 documented volatiles in Heterotheca subaxillaris, for example, caryophyllene, pinene, borneol, myrcene, and limonene each comprise over 5% of the total.[9]

Species

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The following species are recognized in the genus Heterotheca:[3][10][11]

Formerly included

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Many species have been included in Heterotheca at various times in the past, but are now regarded as sharing ancestry with other genera. The most common of these genera is Chrysopsis, but others include Aster, Bradburia, Osbertia, Munnozia, Pityopsis and Tomentaurum.[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Heterotheca". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  2. ^ "Heterotheca". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. ^ a b c d Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  4. ^ The Plant List, search for Heterotheca
  5. ^ a b c Semple, John C. (2006). "Heterotheca". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 July 2016 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ^ Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de. 1817. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique 1817: 137
  7. ^ a b C. Williamson, Gerald (2016). "US Wildflower - Camphorweed, Camphor Weed, False Goldenaster - Heterotheca subaxillaris". US Wildflowers. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  8. ^ https://southwestdesertflora.com/WebsiteFolders/All_Species/Asteraceae/Heterotheca%20subaxillaris,%20Camphorweed.html
  9. ^ Lincoln, D.E.; Lawrence, B.M. (1984). "The volatile constituents of camphorweed, Heterotheca subaxillaris". Phytochemistry. 23 (4): 933–934. Bibcode:1984PChem..23..933L. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85073-6.
  10. ^ "Heterotheca". County-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  11. ^ "Heterotheca Cass. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2025-02-27.
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